Karriereudvikling for nyuddannede sygeplejersker -fra prækursist til opstart på specialuddannelsen til intensivsygeplejerske

Resumé
Baggrund
Mangel på sygeplejersker præger det danske sundhedsvæsen, og dette gør sig også gældende inden for intensivsygepleje. For at imødekomme disse udfordringer, blev der i 2022 etableret et struktureret to-årigt uddannelsesprogram for nyuddannede sygeplejersker (prækursister) på Sjællands Universitetshospitals Intensive afsnit.
Programmet
Indholdet fokuserer på nyuddannede sygeplejerskers behov for; at udvikle tekniske færdigheder, en professionel identitet og social integration i et praksisfællesskab. Programmet bygger på tre teoretiske modeller:
1. Wengers praksisfællesskaber (fokus på social læring og integration i et fællesskab)
2. Benners kompetencemodel (gradvis udvikling fra novice til avanceret begynder)
3. Illeris' læringsmodel (kombination af funktionelle, sociale og emotionelle læringsdimensioner).
Forløb
Læringsforløbet tilpasses prækursistens kompetenceniveau, og inkluderer elementer som simulation, færdighedstræning, supervision, teoretisk undervisning og peer-support. Programmet støttes af en mentorordning og organisering i makkerpar, hvilket både fremmer psykologisk tryghed og en struktureret overgang fra perifer til fuld deltagelse i arbejdsfællesskabet. Opgjort i september 2024, er otte prækursister ansat på Sjællands Universitetshospital (SUH), hvilket demonstrerer programmets potentiale til at styrke rekrutteringen. Forhåbentligt bidrager uddannelsesprogrammet også til at skabe et attraktivt uddannelsesforløb, der fremadrettet vil styrke rekrutteringen og tilknytningen af sygeplejersker inden for det intensive speciale.

English abstract

Career development for newly graduated nurses – from pre‑course nurse to enrolment in the specialist education in intensive care nursing

Background
A shortage of nurses characterises the Danish healthcare system, including within intensive care nursing. To help address these challenges, a structured two‑year educational programme for newly graduated nurses (pre‑course nurses) was established in 2022 at the Intensive Care Unit at Zealand University Hospital.
Programme
The content focuses on newly graduated nurses’ need to develop technical skills, a professional identity, and social integration in a community of practice. The programme is based on three theoretical models:
1. Wenger’s communities of practice (emphasising social learning and integration into a professional community)
2. Benner’s competence model (gradual development from novice to advanced beginner)
3. Illeris’ learning model (integration of functional, social, and emotional dimensions of learning)
Course structure
The learning trajectory is adapted to each pre‑course nurse’s competence level and includes simulation, skills training, supervision, theoretical teaching, and peer support. The programme is supported by a mentorship scheme and buddy pairs, which promote psychological safety and provide a structured transition from peripheral to full participation in the work community. As of September 2024, eight pre‑course nurses are employed at Zealand University Hospital, illustrating the programme’s potential to strengthen recruitment to intensive care nursing. The programme is expected to contribute to creating an attractive educational pathway that will, in the longer term, support recruitment and retention of nurses within the intensive care specialty.

Keywords: Newly graduated nurses, intensive care nursing, career development, pre‑course nurse, communities of practice, mentorship, recruitment and retention.