Compression after Device Implantation: Results from a Quasi-experimental CADI-Study

Abstract
Aim
To investigate whether a compressive dressing after pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation and replacement applied for three hours can prevent bleeding, hematomas and pain.
Method
The study was a quasi-experimental interventional study including patients scheduled for implantation or replacement of a pacemaker or an ICD. In alternating months patients either received a compressive dressing (intervention group) or no compressive dressing (control group). Patients were followed at the catheterization lab, for three hours on the ward and until the first outpatient control visit (after 1-3 months). Outcomes was: Bleeding graded as bleeding, oozing or pocket-hematomas. Hematomas were measured by degrees and size. Pain was rated in a numerical rank scale (NRS).
Results
A total of 242 elective patients were included (intervention group n=114, control group n=128). The intervention group did not show any significant difference in development of pocket-hematomas compared to the control (p=0.24). Pain score was low in both groups (intervention NRS=1.41 vs. control NRS 1.32). Furthermore, no significant difference in pocket hematomas at follow-up were observed (p=0.77).
Conclusion
Using a compressive dressing did not significantly reduce bleeding or pocket hematomas after pacemaker or ICD implantation or replacement. Furthermore, no significant difference related to pain was observed. This study shows that patients who are not considered to be at elevated risk for bleeding or pocket-hematomas do not seem to benefit from a compressive dressing.