Emma Højgaard, Camille Brown Koefoed, Jonas Dahl Jensen
BA projekt afleveret 08.03.2024 Sygeplejerskeuddannelsen KP København. Vejleder Maria Kjøller Pedersen
Resumé
Introduktion
Smertebehandling hos børn udgør en betydelig udfordring for sundhedsprofessionelle. Smerte i forbindelse med stikprocedurer udgør en særlig hyppig og kompleks problematik blandt indlagte børn. Der er dog udviklet flere innovative og non-farmakologiske tilgange til smertelindring hos børn under disse procedurer. Formålet med dette bachelorprojekt er at evaluere effekten af virtual reality (VR) som en smertelindrende metode hos børn.
Metode
Et systematisk litteraturstudie blev udført ved hjælp af aspektsøgning i to videnskabelige databaser: PubMed og Cinahl. Artiklernes metodologiske kvalitet blev vurderet ved hjælp af en tjekliste fra The Joanna Briggs Institute, og resultaterne blev analyseret ved brug af matrixmetoden og en narrativ syntese.
Resultater
Tre udvalgte forskningsstudier, baseret på randomiserede kontrollerede undersøgelser indikerede, at børn, der anvendte VR under smertefulde nåleprocedurer, rapporterede signifikant lavere smerteniveauer sammenlignet med dem, der modtog standard smertebehandling.
Diskussion
De tre forskningsstudier, der indgår i dette bachelorprojekt, vurderes at have høj metodologisk kvalitet. Studierne inkluderede en bred aldersvariation blandt børnene, hvilket kan have påvirket syntesen. Yngre børns positive respons kan delvist tilskrives novelty-effekten af VR-teknologien, en faktor, der potentielt er mindre fremtrædende hos ældre børn. Der observeres også variation i brugen af lokalbedøvelse mellem studierne, og det kan diskuteres, om VR skal integreres som erstatning for lokalbedøvende medicin eller kombineres for at opnå den mest optimale smertelindrende effekt for barnet.
Konklusion
Virtual reality viser potentiale som en effektiv non-farmakologisk intervention for smertelindring hos børn. Yderligere forskning er dog nødvendig for at underbygge og bekræfte dens effektivitet.
Implikationer for praksis
VR har vist sig effektiv til smertelindring hos børn. Sundhedsvæsenet bør derfor overveje at integrere VR som en supplerende behandlingsmulighed ved smertefulde stikprocedurer. For at sikre en vellykket implementering skal sundhedsprofessionelle uddannes i brugen af VR, så de kan vejlede børnene i teknologien og tilpasse den efter børnenes alder og præferencer.
Kontaktoplysninger
Emma Højgaard, hojgaardemma@gmail.com
Camille Brown Koefoed, Koefoedcamille@gmail.com
Jonas Dahl Jensen, Jonasdj97@hotmail.com
Non-pharmacological pain management in children
Clinical dissertation by Emma Højgaard, Camille Brown Koefoed, Jonas Dahl Jensen Uploaded 08.03.2024.
KP University College. Tutor Maria Kjøller Pedersen
Abstract
Introduction
Pain management in children poses a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. Pain related to needle procedures is a particularly frequent and complex issue among hospitalized children. However, several innovative non-pharmacological approaches to pain relief have been developed for children undergoing these procedures. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) as a pain-relieving method for children.
Method
A systematic literature review was conducted via two scientific databases: PubMed and Cinahl. The methodological quality of the selected research papers was assessed using a checklist developed by The Joanna Briggs Institute. Results were analyzed using the matrix method and narrative synthesis.
Results
Three selected research papers, based upon randomized controlled trials indicated that children who used VR during painful needle procedures reported significantly lower pain levels compared to those receiving standard pain treatment.
Discussion
The three research papers included in this bachelor thesis are considered to have high methodological quality. The studies encompassed a wide age variation among children, which may have influenced the synthesis. Younger children’s positive response to VR technology can partially be attributed to the novelty effect, a factor potentially less prominent in older children. Variation in the use of local anesthesia between studies is also observed, prompting discussion about whether VR should replace local anesthetics or be combined to achieve the most optimal pain relief for the child.
Conclusion
Virtual reality demonstrates potential as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for pain relief in children. However, further research is necessary to substantiate and confirm its effectiveness.
Relevance to clinical practice
Healthcare professionals should consider integrating VR as a supplementary treatment option for painful needle procedures. To ensure successful implementation, healthcare professionals need training in VR use to guide children through the technology and tailor it to their age and preferences.
Contact information
Emma Højgaard, RN hojgaardemma@gmail.com
Camille Brown Koefoed, RN Koefoedcamille@gmail.com
Jonas Dahl Jensen, RN Jonasdj97@hotmail.com