{"id":9840,"date":"2024-10-18T13:43:41","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T11:43:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/?p=9840"},"modified":"2026-05-07T11:30:50","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T09:30:50","slug":"simulation-som-laeringsmetode-i-sundhedsvaesenet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/index.php\/2024\/10\/18\/simulation-som-laeringsmetode-i-sundhedsvaesenet\/","title":{"rendered":"Simulation som l\u00e6ringsmetode i sundhedsv\u00e6senet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9841\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-SOM-LAeRINGSMETODE-ILLU.png?resize=689%2C343&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"689\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-SOM-LAeRINGSMETODE-ILLU.png?w=701&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 701w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-SOM-LAeRINGSMETODE-ILLU.png?resize=300%2C149&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-SOM-LAeRINGSMETODE-ILLU.png?resize=600%2C299&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"fasc-button fasc-size-medium fasc-type-flat fasc-rounded-medium\" style=\"background-color: #33809e; color: #ffffff;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-SOM-LAeRINGSMETODE-1.pdf\">Download som PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Anna Sofie Mundt<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">1*<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> Anne-Mette Hels\u00f8<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">2*<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> Ane Ellegaard<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">3* <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Lene Spanager<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>4*<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>1<\/strong> Operationssygeplejerske, uddannelseskonsulent<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">2 <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">An\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, uddannelseskonsulent<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">3 <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">An\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, uddannelseskonsulent<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">4 <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Overl\u00e6ge, ph.d., Kirurgisk afdeling, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital og CAMES<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">*<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Region Hovedstaden (CAMES)<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"farve-boks\" style=\"border: 10px solid #bfe6f6; padding: 16px 32px; border-radius: 24px; color: black; margin-bottom: 32px;\">\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Resume<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulationsbaseret tr\u00e6ning bruges i stigende grad i sundhedsv\u00e6senet. Denne artikel giver et indblik i hvad simulation kan, og hvordan simulation kan anvendes i forskellige sektorer og for deltagere med forskellige faglig baggrund og uddannelsestrin. Der er s\u00e6rligt fokus p\u00e5 fuldskalasimulation med anvendelse af manikin. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Form\u00e5let med simulationstr\u00e6ning varierer fra tr\u00e6ning af simple procedurer til tr\u00e6ning af teams eller organisationer i arbejdsgange, komplekse patientforl\u00f8b eller ved indflytning i nye byggerier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fuldskalasimulation kr\u00e6ver behovsafd\u00e6kning, specifikke l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l, tilpasning til kursister, dygtige facilitatorer og efterf\u00f8lgende debriefing, der kan skabe l\u00e6ring og refleksion. Simulationsbaseret tr\u00e6ning kan potentielt h\u00f8jne patientbehandlingen og patientsikkerheden, omend den videnskabelige evidens fortsat er sparsom. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">St\u00f8rre udbredelse af simulationsbaseret tr\u00e6ning kan im\u00f8dekomme forventningen fra b\u00e5de fremtidige patienter og p\u00e5r\u00f8rende samt sundhedsprofessionelle om, at sundhedsv\u00e6senets ansatte kan applicere viden og f\u00e6rdigheder, inden de unders\u00f8ger, plejer og behandler. Simulationsbaseret uddannelse kan desuden supplere den tr\u00e6ngte arbejdspladsbaserede uddannelse til f.eks. at h\u00e5ndtere det stigende antal multisyge og komplekse patienter.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>English abstract<\/h5>\n<h4 class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Simulation as a learning method in healthcare<\/h4>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Simulation\u2011based training is increasingly used in healthcare. This article provides insight into what simulation can offer and how it can be applied across sectors and for participants with different professional backgrounds and educational levels, with a particular focus on full\u2011scale simulation using manikins. The purpose of simulation training ranges from practising simple procedures to training teams or entire organisations in workflows, complex patient pathways or relocation to new hospital buildings.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Full\u2011scale simulation requires needs assessment, specific learning objectives, adaptation to participants, skilled facilitators and subsequent debriefing that supports learning and reflection. Simulation\u2011based training has the potential to improve patient care and safety, although scientific evidence remains limited. Wider use of simulation\u2011based training may help meet the expectations of future patients, relatives and healthcare professionals that staff are able to apply knowledge and skills before they examine, care for and treat patients. In addition, simulation\u2011based education can supplement pressured workplace\u2011based training, for example, in managing the growing number of multimorbid and complex patients.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Simulation\u2011based training, healthcare education, patient safety, full\u2011scale simulation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Introduktion<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Gitte, som er sygeplejerske, snakker beroligende med patienten, der ligger til observation for en hovedskade i modtagelsen, mens en anden sygeplejerske er ved at l\u00e6gge et perifert venekateter (PVK) i patientens h\u00e5nd. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Tanja, der er l\u00e6ge, gennemg\u00e5r patientens forl\u00f8b og tilstand. Hun taler h\u00f8jt og klart om fund og plan, mens hun st\u00e5r for enden af sengen. Patienten er faldet p\u00e5 cykel og er cerebralt p\u00e5virket. De har fundet, at patienten har et lavt blodsukker, og Tanja vurderer, at der er brug for at f\u00e5 lavet en CT-scanning af patienten for at udelukke en intracerebral bl\u00f8dning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">L\u00e6gen laver den sidste opsummering af fund og behandlingsplan. Her afbrydes Tanja, og en facilitator siger: <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><em><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">\u201dTak for det, vi stopper simulationen nu\u201d.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Gitte, Tanja og resten af teamet af l\u00e6ger og sygeplejersker er deltagere p\u00e5 et simulationsbaseret kursus, hvor de skal tr\u00e6ne h\u00e5ndtering af den diagnostisk uafklarede patient. Patienten er en manikin, som ligger i et rum, der er udformet som en stue i en akutmodtagelse. Langs den ene v\u00e6g er et envejsspejl, hvor facilitatoren, som styrer manikinen og forl\u00f8bet i simulationsrummet har opholdt sig under de 25 minutter, teamet har behandlet \u201dpatienten\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Efter simulationen f\u00f8lger en struktureret debriefing, hvor facilitatoren taler med teamet om, hvordan det gik, hvad der fungerede, og hvad der kan forbedres ud fra de satte l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Ovenst\u00e5ende er et eksempel p\u00e5 et klassisk simulations-scenarie, men simulation i sundhedsv\u00e6senet er i konstant udvikling med nye former for simulation siden de f\u00f8rste simulationscentre blev etableret med afs\u00e6t i luftfartsindustriens erfaringer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Baggrund -fra luftfart til sundhedsv\u00e6sen<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation opstod i luftfarten i 1970\u2019erne i k\u00f8lvandet p\u00e5 erkendelsen af, at fejl og ulykker opst\u00e5r som kombination af svigtende apparatur og menneskelige faktorer.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation defineres her som \u201daktiviteter der efterligner virkeligheden i det kliniske milj\u00f8, og er designet til at vise procedurer, beslutningstagning og kritisk t\u00e6nkning via teknikker som rollespil og brug af udstyr som interaktive videoer og simulationsmanikiner\u201d(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I sundhedsv\u00e6senet var det an\u00e6stesiologiske speciale det f\u00f8rste, som for alvor tog simulation til sig og udviklede simulationsbaserede kurser med udgangspunkt i samarbejdet p\u00e5 operationsstuen (2). Herfra bredte det sig til tr\u00e6ning af andre tidskritiske forl\u00f8b som hjertestop, traume-modtagelse, identifikation og behandling af kritisk syge, trombolyse-behandling af apopleksi og f\u00f8dsler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Hovedsageligt tr\u00e6nede sundhedsfaglige kursister kritiske og sj\u00e6ldne patientsituationer, hvor der potentielt er stor effekt p\u00e5 patient outcome (3,4). I dag anvendes simulation dog ogs\u00e5 til at tr\u00e6ne det almindelige og basale, som f.eks. patientkommunikation, modtagelse af patienter, teamsamarbejde osv., idet l\u00e6ringsgevinsten kan v\u00e6re s\u00e6rlig stor ved at tr\u00e6ne det hyppigt forekommende (5). <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation er med tiden blevet en integreret del af den sundhedsfaglige undervisning p\u00e5 b\u00e5de medicinstudiet, p\u00e5 professions- og erhvervsuddannelser og p\u00e5 flere postgraduate specialuddannelser (6). <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulationsbaseret tr\u00e6ning bruges i stigende grad i sundhedsv\u00e6senet (7). L\u00e6ringsmetoden fungerer ved at erstatte den virkelige klinik med et kunstigt, men lignende milj\u00f8, hvor deltagerne f\u00e5r mulighed for at f\u00e5 erfaringer, som ved hj\u00e6lp af refleksion og feedback, kan overf\u00f8res til virkeligheden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det kan v\u00e6re teknisk simulation med specifik, individuel tr\u00e6ning eller scenariebaseret simulation med st\u00f8rre multiprofessionelle teams, bord -og tavlesimulationer, eller \u2018extended reality\u2019 som fx indeholder \u2018augmented reality\u2019, \u2018virtual reality\u2019 og \u2018mixed reality\u2019(8). Augmented reality er et live, direkte eller indirekte fysisk billede af et virkeligt milj\u00f8 hvis elementer er augmented (eller supplementeret) af computer-genererede sanse indtryk s\u00e5 som lyd, video, grafik eller GPS data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fordelene er mangfoldige. Man kan tr\u00e6ne det sj\u00e6ldne, og situationer kan \u00f8ves flere gange efter hinanden i et l\u00e6ringsmilj\u00f8, hvor det ikke er farligt at fejle, for ingen patienter kommer til skade (9). For at l\u00e6ringen kan rodf\u00e6stes, diskuteres og perspektiveres h\u00e6ndelserne i simulationen i en efterf\u00f8lgende debriefing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9843 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FOTO.png?resize=494%2C371&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FOTO.png?w=609&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 609w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FOTO.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FOTO.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation som l\u00e6ringsmetode<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulationsbaseret l\u00e6ring l\u00e6ner sig op ad flere l\u00e6ringsteorier, herunder Kolbs\u2019 eksperientelle l\u00e6ringscyklus, som l\u00e6nge har v\u00e6ret en l\u00e6ringsteoretisk grundsten i simulationsbaseret undervisning (8). Her er forst\u00e5elsen, at voksne har brug for at l\u00e6re gennem erfaring, bearbejde disse erfaringer gennem refleksion og diskussion og afpr\u00f8ve og eksperimentere med nye erfaringer (10), se <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Figur 1<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9844 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-1-KOLB.png?resize=377%2C527&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-1-KOLB.png?w=613&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 613w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-1-KOLB.png?resize=215%2C300&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 215w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-1-KOLB.png?resize=600%2C839&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Desuden appellerer simulation til flere forskellige l\u00e6ringsstile som eksempelvis \u2018aktivisten\u2019 og \u2018pragmatikeren\u2019, der stimuleres gennem kropslige erfaringer og aktive handlinger under selve simulationen eller som \u2018reflektoren\u2019 og \u2018teoretikeren\u2019, der stimuleres gennem refleksion over og konceptualisering af det skete i den efterf\u00f8lgende debriefing (11).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det simulationsbaserede l\u00e6ringsrum kan v\u00e6re eksponerende for deltagernes f\u00e6rdigheder og kompetencer, og det er derfor vigtigt, at deltagerens eksisterende viden og erfaring inddrages i bestr\u00e6belserne p\u00e5 at skabe det trygge l\u00e6ringsrum. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Deltageren skal desuden opmuntres til at afpr\u00f8ve det l\u00e6rte og lave strategier for at bringe det med tilbage til klinikken, s\u00e5 transfer af l\u00e6ring fra l\u00e6rings-situation til praksis styrkes (12). <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det stiller krav til kvaliteten af b\u00e5de l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l, scenarier og facilitering under simulationen og i den efterf\u00f8lgende debriefing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Proceduretr\u00e6ning<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulationsbaseret tr\u00e6ning kan have forskellige form\u00e5l. Proceduretr\u00e6ning rangerer fra \u00f8velse af simple indgreb som anl\u00e6ggelse af bl\u00e6rekateter og PVK til tr\u00e6ning af avancerede procedurer som laparoskopi og robotkirurgi. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det er vist, at proceduretr\u00e6ning giver transfer til klinisk arbejde, s\u00e5 et acceptabelt kompetenceniveau kan n\u00e5s, inden der opereres p\u00e5 patienter(13,14).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Scenariebaseret tr\u00e6ning<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Scenariebaseret tr\u00e6ning, eller fuldskala-simulation, indeb\u00e6rer anvendelse af en manikin eller en figurant\/skuespiller som patient, der bliver behandlet af et sundhedsfagligt team, som skitseret i den indledende vignet. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fuldskalasimulation kan inkludere anvendelsen af softwareprogrammer til at vise og \u00e6ndre vitale parametre, og videooptagelser af scenariet anvendes ofte til brug i den efterf\u00f8lgende debriefing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">CRM-Principper<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I fuldskalasimulation tr\u00e6nes medicinske faglige kompetencer sammen med sociale og kognitive kompetencer som kommunikation, ledelse, samarbejde, situationsbevidsthed og beslutningstagning (15), ogs\u00e5 kaldet CRM-principperne (Crisis Resource Management) (16,17).<\/span> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">CRM-principperne er udviklet netop til at styrke patientsikkerheden og forebygge utilsigtede h\u00e6ndelser i sundhedsv\u00e6senet. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">CRM-principperne best\u00e5r af 15 punkter som er med til at opbygge individuelle sociale og kognitive f\u00e6rdigheder hos sundheds-professionelle, se <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Tabel 1<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9848 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-1.png?resize=785%2C1108&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"785\" height=\"1108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-1.png?w=1331&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 1331w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-1.png?resize=212%2C300&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 212w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-1.png?resize=725%2C1024&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 725w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-1.png?resize=768%2C1085&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-1.png?resize=1087%2C1536&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 1087w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-1.png?resize=600%2C847&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Sociale og kognitive kompetencer: SCOPE<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Systemet SCOPE (sociale og kognitive kompetencer til patientsikkerhed) er en videreudvikling af b\u00e5de CRM-principperne og det der ogs\u00e5 kaldes ikke-tekniske f\u00e6rdigheder eller non-technical skills. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">SCOPE best\u00e5r af 5 overordnede kategorier af sociale og kognitive kompetencer. Alle kategorier har underliggende elementer der beskriver kompetencen i flere aspekter, se <\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Tabel 2<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>SCOPE-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet anvendes i stigende grad i forbindelse med simulationsbaseret undervisning, ved individuel og f\u00e6lles refleksion over hverdagens samarbejde, og til diskussioner over klinisk praksis. <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">N\u00e5r v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet bruges ved simulationsbaseret undervisning, kan v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jets kategorier og elementer guide formuleringen af l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l og st\u00f8tte debriefing af individer og grupper p\u00e5 tv\u00e6rs af funktioner, specialer og erfaring (15).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9849 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-2.png?resize=674%2C640&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"674\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-2.png?w=1313&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 1313w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-2.png?resize=300%2C285&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-2.png?resize=1024%2C973&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-2.png?resize=768%2C729&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-TABEL-2.png?resize=600%2C570&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Figur 1-3 og Tabel 2, Kilde (10, 19-20) er illustreret og redigeret af af Siercke M. Journal for Sygeplejevidenskab, 2024. Tjeklisten ISBAR i Figur 2, repr\u00e6senterer begge sektorer. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I \u2018Tjek-svar\u2019 \u2018Closed Loop kommunikation\u2019 ,Figur 3 er taleboblerne tydeliggjort og fortolket med udgansgspunkt i illustrationer fra H\u00e5ndbog i Sikker mundtlig kommunikationen, Dansk Selskab for Patientsikkerhed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Sikker mundtlig kommunikation<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Tjeklisten ISBAR (Identifikation, Situation, Baggrund, Analyse, R\u00e5d) og \u2018Closed loop kommunikation\u2019 er dermed ofte l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l (18). ISBAR er en struktureret tjekliste der muligg\u00f8r sikker og effektiv kommunikation mellem sundhedsprofessionelle f.eks. via telefon (19), se <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Figur 2<\/strong>. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Endelig er \u2018Closed loop kommunikation\u2019, eller \u2018Tjek-svar\u2019 som det ogs\u00e5 kaldes (20), en m\u00e5de at sikre sig, at information bliver forst\u00e5et, videregivet eller udf\u00f8rt korrekt og efter hensigten, se <\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Figur 3<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9845 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-2.png?resize=336%2C482&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-2.png?w=619&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 619w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-2.png?resize=209%2C300&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 209w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-2.png?resize=600%2C860&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9846 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-3.png?resize=328%2C446&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"328\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-3.png?w=760&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 760w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-3.png?resize=220%2C300&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 220w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-3.png?resize=752%2C1024&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 752w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-3.png?resize=600%2C817&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">L\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">L\u00e6ringsm\u00e5lene for simulationstr\u00e6ning er konkretiseringen af form\u00e5let med tr\u00e6ningen. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">De skal formuleres s\u00e5 klart og tydeligt, at kursisterne let kan forst\u00e5, hvad der forventes. Scenariets design skal muligg\u00f8re, at deltagerne kan tr\u00e6ne det \u00f8nskede og opn\u00e5 l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5lene.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Medicinsk faglige l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">kan eksempelvis v\u00e6re: <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">\u201dAt kunne h\u00e5ndtere kredsl\u00f8bschok p\u00e5 baggrund af hypovol\u00e6mi\u201d eller: \u201dAt kunne planl\u00e6gge smertebehandling af et 2-\u00e5rigt barn\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">L\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l i sociale og kognitive kompetencer <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">kan eksempelvis v\u00e6re: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">\u201dAt udveksle relevant information med teammedlemmer\u201d eller: <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">\u201dAt opn\u00e5 f\u00e6lles situationsbevidsthed i teamet\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">M\u00e5l for fuldskalasimulation<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det helt overordnede form\u00e5l er, at tr\u00e6ne sikker og effektiv patientpleje og -behandling samt, at \u00f8ge patientsikker kommunikation og adf\u00e6rd hos deltagerne. Forskning viser, at det er muligt at forbedre b\u00e5de adf\u00e6rd og kommunikation, alts\u00e5 de sociale og kognitive f\u00e6rdigheder i tr\u00e6ningen, men at det er sv\u00e6rt at p\u00e5vise den direkte effekt af tr\u00e6ningen i klinisk praksis (21).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulationstr\u00e6ningens forskellige kontekster<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulationsmilj\u00f8er kan se meget forskellige ud. De kan ligne et hjem hos en \u00e6ldre boger, opholdsstuen p\u00e5 en psykiatrisk afdeling, medicinrummet p\u00e5 et sengeafsnit, ventev\u00e6relset i en akutmodtagelse, en sengestue p\u00e5 et hospital, en ambulance eller et escape room (22). <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">De forskellige omgivelser besidder hver is\u00e6r fordele og ulemper. N\u00e5r tr\u00e6ningen er placeret i et simulationscenter, giver det typisk adgang til avanceret udstyr og beskyttet tid til l\u00e6ring, da deltagerne ikke i samme grad kaldes tilbage til klinisk arbejde under tr\u00e6ningen (23).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">\u2018In situ tr\u00e6ning\u2019 er fuldskalasimulation i klinikken, som giver mulighed for at kollegaer og ansatte p\u00e5 samme hospital kan tr\u00e6ne i egne kliniske lokaler. &#8216;<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">In Situ tr\u00e6ning&#8217; \u00e5bner op for en organisatorisk l\u00e6ring som \u00e6ndring af guidelines, udstyr eller fysisk layout af rum (24). P\u00e5 den anden side er der st\u00f8rre risiko for forstyrrelser og aflysning af tr\u00e6ning i tilf\u00e6lde af sygdom og lignende. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Der foreligger endnu ikke evidens for hvilken tr\u00e6ningslokation, der giver det bedste l\u00e6ringsudbytte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Debriefing<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fuldskalasimulation afsluttes med en faciliteret debriefing. Debriefing kan struktureres p\u00e5 flere m\u00e5der men er den fase hvor refleksion, feedback og diskussion af handlingerne foreg\u00e5r. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES) som uddanner simulatorinstrukt\u00f8rer p\u00e5 forskellige niveauer b\u00e5de nationalt og internationalt bruger en model med fire faser inspireret af Barbara Steinwachs (25).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Faser i den faciliterende debriefing<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Facilitatorens rolle er at guide og kvalificere diskussionen med henblik p\u00e5 at stimulere dybere l\u00e6ring, som kan anvendes i klinikken (26). <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Ud over de umiddelbare reaktioner p\u00e5 simulationen, s\u00e6ttes scenen for debriefingen med tid og form\u00e5l. Dern\u00e6st kommer beskrivelsesfasen hvor kursisterne gennemg\u00e5r forl\u00f8bet med henblik p\u00e5 at opn\u00e5 et f\u00e6lles billede af hvilken situation, de faktuelt stod i. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Derefter f\u00f8lger en analysefase, hvor deltagerne reflekterer over l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l, handlinger i scenariet og diskuterer m\u00f8nstre og perspektiverer til deres kliniske virke.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Endelig afsluttes debriefingen med en anvendelsesfase hvor deltagerne s\u00e6tter ord p\u00e5 hvilken l\u00e6ring, de tager med sig fra simulation og debriefing og angiver egne, videre l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5l.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Hvis scenariet er blevet filmet, kan videoklip anvendes til at skabe dialog om l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5lene. Uanset om et scenarie er blevet videofilmet eller ej, kan det at deltage i simulationstr\u00e6ning, v\u00e6re gr\u00e6nseoverskridende, s\u00e5 hvis der i debriefingen anvendes videoklip fra scenariet er det for at underst\u00f8tte god praksis. Typisk vises der klip af sikker og effektiv kommunikation eller godt teamwork.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Facilitators rolle og kompetencer<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Rollen som facilitator er mangefacetteret. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Man skal kunne lytte, v\u00e6re nysgerrig, stille \u00e5bne og refleksive sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l, v\u00e6re fagligt velfunderet og have viljen og evnen til at guide l\u00e6ring i en bestemt retning. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Der er essentielt, at facilitator skaber trygge rammer for deltagere, i et l\u00e6ringsrum der kan opleves eksponerende.<\/span> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">For at kursisterne ikke skal f\u00f8le sig udstillet, og for at underst\u00f8tte at de t\u00f8r udtrykke sig b\u00e5de overfor facilitator og de andre deltagere, skal facilitator s\u00f8rge for at skabe et psykologisk trygt milj\u00f8 (27).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det sker blandt andet ved at understrege, at det er et fortroligt rum der tr\u00e6nes i, at eventuelle filmklip der er optaget undervejs slettes efter tr\u00e6ningen, at v\u00e6re anerkendende, at underst\u00f8tte det, der fungerede godt hos deltagerne, at understrege at det er et sikkert milj\u00f8 at fejle i, at give deltagerne den hj\u00e6lp de har brug for undervejs i scenariet, og at gribe ind hvis behandlingen har fatale konsekvenser s\u00e5 ingen \u201dpatienter\u201d d\u00f8r i scenariet, med mindre det er en del af l\u00e6ringsm\u00e5let (9,28).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Facilitator skal dermed kunne balancere og styre et scenarie s\u00e5ledes, at scenariet skaber \u2019den passende forstyrrelse\u2019 for deltagerne (29). <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det betyder, at deltagerne skal opleve sig tilstr\u00e6kkeligt udfordret p\u00e5 b\u00e5de f\u00e6rdigheder og faglighed, samtidigt med at de ikke m\u00e5 f\u00f8le sig overv\u00e6ldet af et scenarie de oplever, de ikke kan h\u00e5ndtere. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Facilitator tilskynder derfor altid kursisterne til at bruge hinanden i teamet undervejs i scenariet, og facilitator har ligeledes mulighed for at gribe ind med time-outs undervejs hvis der er brug for det.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">For at fungere som facilitator af fuldskalasimulationer skal man kende til de teoretiske koncepter og p\u00e6dagogiske metoder som anvendes. Det l\u00e6rer man ideelt p\u00e5 et facilitatorkursus, som best\u00e5r af teoretiske opl\u00e6g om emner som debriefing, sp\u00f8rgeteknik og patientsikkerhed samt workshops og gennemf\u00f8rsel af fuldskalasimulationer og debriefinger med tr\u00e6ning i og feedback p\u00e5 rollen. Herefter l\u00e6rer man ved erfaring, og flere simulationscentre tilbyder l\u00f8bende kortere faculty clubs og lignende, hvor relevante emner tages op (30).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Design af simulationsbaseret undervisning<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Uanset hvor simulationsbaseret uddannelse foreg\u00e5r, s\u00e5 skal der, for at sikre st\u00f8rst muligt udbytte og sammenh\u00e6ng, v\u00e6re en n\u00f8je gennemt\u00e6nkt iscenes\u00e6ttelsen af simulationen. Man kan se selve simulationen som \u00e9t led i en st\u00f8rre sammenh\u00e6ng af faser, der kan p\u00e5virke hinanden (31). Faserne er illustreret ved Peter Dieckmann\u2019s elipse i <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Figur 4<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9847 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-4.png?resize=720%2C329&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-4.png?w=1790&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 1790w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-4.png?resize=300%2C137&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-4.png?resize=1024%2C468&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-4.png?resize=768%2C351&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-4.png?resize=1536%2C702&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FA-1024-SIMULATION-FIGUR-4.png?resize=600%2C274&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Hvordan deltagerne bliver forberedt p\u00e5 at indg\u00e5 i det simulerede milj\u00f8, vil fx have en betydning for scenariets afvikling. Hvordan scenariet forl\u00f8ber, vil have indflydelse p\u00e5 hvad der sker i debriefingen efterf\u00f8lgende. Desuden vil deltagerne have forskellige forestillinger eller erfaringer med sig ind i det simulerede l\u00e6ringsmilj\u00f8 (pilen der peger ind mod elipsen) og deltagerne vil tage refleksioner og holdninger med sig efter afsluttet aktivitet, som forh\u00e5bentlig er til gavn for patienter og p\u00e5r\u00f8rende efterf\u00f8lgende (pilen der peger v\u00e6k fra elipsen).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Behovsafd\u00e6kning<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Udviklingen af meningsfuld, simulationsbaseret tr\u00e6ning starter ideelt med en behovsafd\u00e6kning, s\u00e5 indholdet bliver relevant. Dvs. en afklaring af hvem og hvad, der skal tr\u00e6nes og hvorfor. Afklaringen kan tage udgangspunkt i ny forskning, unders\u00f8gelser eller h\u00e6ndelser fra klinikken, der p\u00e5peger manglende viden eller f\u00e6rdigheder p\u00e5 et omr\u00e5de. Endelig kan behov ogs\u00e5 blive tydeligt via afklarende dialoger med klinikere eller ledere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation til kompetencevurdering<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation kan ogs\u00e5 anvendes til kompetencevurdering, som kan v\u00e6re formativt, hvor fokus er p\u00e5 at f\u00e5 feedback, s\u00e5 kursisten kontinuerligt kan forbedre sig. Eller det kan v\u00e6re summativt, dvs. konsekvenshavende, hvor det afg\u00f8res om en kompetence er opn\u00e5et eller ej. Sidstn\u00e6vnte kan anvendes som en \u2018k\u00f8rekortsmodel\u2019, hvor en kliniker f\u00e5r tilladelse til at udf\u00f8re procedurer eller g\u00e5 i vagt n\u00e5r kompetencerne er vurderet og godkendt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation til analyse og kvalitetsudvikling<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation bruges i stigende grad til mere end blot tr\u00e6ning af individer, teams og organisationer. Udover tr\u00e6ning kan simulation nemlig ogs\u00e5 anvendes til analyser af arbejdsgange og kvalitetsudvikling. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Ved analyser af arbejdsgange eller og kvalitetsudvikling kan simulation anvendes til at unders\u00f8ge om de tanker man har gjort sig, kan lade sig g\u00f8re i virkeligheden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Man kan med simulation unders\u00f8ge om \u201dg\u00f8r vi det godt nok?&#8221; og efterf\u00f8lgende se p\u00e5 hvordan det kan g\u00f8res anderledes og afpr\u00f8ve det inden udfoldelse i praksis. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Til udvikling af nye arbejdsgange kan man bruge bordsimulation som metode. En bordsimulation er en aktivitet, hvor deltagere eksempelvis samles omkring en grundskitse af et omr\u00e5de for, med udgangspunkt i udvalgte cases, at afpr\u00f8ve t\u00e6nkte arbejdsgange samt id\u00e9generere til alternative l\u00f8sninger. Det giver mulighed for, p\u00e5 tv\u00e6rs af funktioner og afdelinger, at dr\u00f8fte arbejdsgange, der endnu ikke er definerede (32,33).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">S\u00e6rligt har test af arbejdsgange ved indflytning i nye byggerier v\u00e6ret benyttet for at sikre, at alt fungerede hensigtsm\u00e6ssigt. En s\u00e5dan simulationstest udf\u00f8res af de klinikere, der skal varetage patientbehandlingen efter indflytning. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Patienten og evt. p\u00e5r\u00f8rende vil v\u00e6re illustreret ved figuranter eller manikiner og lokalerne vil v\u00e6re indrettet med det kommende udstyr s\u00e5ledes at samspillet mellem klinikere, patientbehandling og udstyr i de nye bygninger kan testes. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Form\u00e5let er at sikre, at patientbehandling kan varetages patientsikkert, effektivt, ergonomisk og arbejdsmilj\u00f8m\u00e6ssigt forsvarligt i de nye fysiske rammer. P\u00e5 baggrund af disse test l\u00e6gges op til beslutning om endelige arbejdsgange og indretning. <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Testen kan desuden afd\u00e6kke behov for efterf\u00f8lgende tr\u00e6ning af personalet i de nye fysiske rammer (34). Dermed kan simulation bruges til at forberede personale p\u00e5 nye arbejdsgange eller ruste organisationen til at h\u00e5ndtere st\u00f8rre forandringer (35).<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"farve-boks\" style=\"background-color: #b8e1c0; padding: 16px 32px; border-radius: 24px; color: black; margin-bottom: 32px;\">\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Implikationer for praksis<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation anvendes mange steder og med en stigende palet af form\u00e5l i sundhedsv\u00e6senet.<\/span> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Simulation er s\u00e6rligt velegnet til tr\u00e6ning af b\u00e5de individ, team og organisation. Det er ideelt til at tr\u00e6ne de sj\u00e6ldent forekommende tilstande, og det kan intensivere tr\u00e6ning p\u00e5 en m\u00e5de, det almindelige arbejde ikke kan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Den voksende m\u00e6ngde af komplekse og multisyge patienter p\u00e5 offentlige hospitaler giver et pres p\u00e5 den arbejdsbaserede uddannelse. Her kan simulation spille en st\u00f8rre rolle, idet simulation kan tilbyde intensiveret tr\u00e6ning i s\u00e5vel basale f\u00e6rdigheder som mere komplicerede forl\u00f8b. Den tr\u00e6ning kan \u00f8ge b\u00e5de sikkerhed og tryghed for s\u00e5vel patienter som personale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dette flugter desuden med Robustheds-kommissionens anbefalinger om at anvende simulation til at styrke praktik-og opl\u00e6ringsforl\u00f8b (36) og styrke overgangen fra studie til praksis. For eksempel har Region Hovedstaden en prioriteret indsats i forhold til m\u00e5lrettet brug af simulationsbaseret tr\u00e6ning til at supplere allerede eksisterende uddannelsestilbud, hvor det giver mest mening (37).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">St\u00f8rre udbredelse af simulationstr\u00e6ning kan im\u00f8dekomme forventningen fra fremtidige patienter og p\u00e5r\u00f8rende om, at de ansatte har \u00f8vet sig p\u00e5 kommunikation og procedurer inden de unders\u00f8ger, plejer og behandler. Det er netop hvad simulationsbaseret uddannelse handler om: At styrke patientsikker og effektiv pleje og behandling af vores patienter.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"farve-boks\" style=\"border: 10px solid #bfe6f6; padding: 16px 32px; border-radius: 24px; color: black; margin-bottom: 32px;\">\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Hvis du vil vide mere<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">WEBSIDE TIL <\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-underline text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.regionh.dk\/CAMES\/Sider\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CAMES.&nbsp; <\/a><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">WEBSIDE TIL <\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-underline text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psykiatri-regionh.dk\/caps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CAMPUS FOR PSYKIATRISK SIMULATION<\/a><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-underline text-strikethrough-none\"> (CAPS)<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Podcast, film og h\u00e5ndb\u00f8ger om <\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-underline text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.regionh.dk\/CAMES\/Udvikling\/Sider\/SCOPE.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SCOPE<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Litteratur<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Piilgaard Hallin S, Lippert A, \u00d8stergaard D, editors. Simulation i sundhedsv\u00e6senet. 1. udgave. K\u00f8benhavn: Munksgaard; 2024. 432 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Siercke Bergsted M, S\u00f8lvkj\u00e6r M, editors. Sundhedsteknologi i praksis. 1. udg 1. K\u00f8benhavn: FADL\u2019s Forlag; 2019. 309 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Henriksen J, Gr\u00f8ndahl Glavind J, R\u00f8n Noer V, editors. Simulationsbaserede undervisningsmetoder -fra teori til praksis. Gads Forlag; 2022. 195 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">1.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Jeffries P. A Framework for Designing, Implementing and Evaluating Simulations Used as Teaching Strategies in Nursing [Internet]. Vol. 26, Nursing Education Perspectives. 2005. p. 96\u2013103. Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/neponline\/abstract\/2005\/03000\/a_framework_for_designing,_implementing,_and.9.aspx<br \/>\n<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">2.<\/span> <\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Gaba DM, Howard SK, Fish KJ, Smith BE, Sowb Y a. Simulation-Based Training in Anesthesia Crisis Resource Management (ACRM): A Decade of Experience. Simul Gaming. 2001;32(2):175\u201393.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">3.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Ajmi SC, Advani R, Fjetland L, Dehli Kurz, Kathinka Lindner T, Qvindesland SA, Ersdal H, et al. Reducing door-to-needle times in stroke thrombolysis to 13 min through protocol revision and simulation training: a quality improvement project in a Norwegian stroke centre. BMJ Qual Saf. 2019;28:939\u201348.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">4.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Msemo G, Massawe A, Mmbando D, Rusibamayila N, Manji K, Kidanto HL, et al. Newborn Mortality and Fresh Stillbirth Rates in Tanzania After Helping Babies Breathe Training. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2013 Feb 1 [cited 2024 Aug 19];131(2):e353\u201360. Available from: \/pediatrics\/article\/131\/2\/e353\/31949\/Newborn-Mortality-and-Fresh-Stillbirth-Rates-in<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">5.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Bray L, \u00d8stergaard D. Simulation training in primary care. Ugeskr Laeger. 2024;186(10):4\u201311.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">6.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Henriksen J, Gr\u00f8ndahl Glavind J, R\u00f8n Noer V, editors. Simulationsbaserede undervisningsmetoder -fra teori til praksis. Gads Forlag; 2022. 195 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">7.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Selberg H, Khan F, Lubcke K. Simulation i sundhedsfaglig uddannelse. Piilgaard Hallin S, Lippert A, \u00d8stergaard D, editors. Simulation i sundhedsv\u00e6senet. K\u00f8benhavn: Munksgaard; 2024. 324\u2013345 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">8.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Piilgaard Hallin S, Lippert A, \u00d8stergaard D, editors. Simulation i sundhedsv\u00e6senet. 1. udgave. K\u00f8benhavn: Munksgaard; 2024. 432 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">9.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Siercke Bergsted M, S\u00f8lvkj\u00e6r M, editors. Sundhedsteknologi i praksis. 1. udg 1. K\u00f8benhavn: FADL\u2019s Forlag; 2019. 309 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">10.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Kolb DA. Experiential Learning &#8211; Experience As The Source of Learning and Development. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Pearson FT Press; 2014. 557 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">11.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Honey P, Mumford A. Manual of Learning Styles. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publications; 1982.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">12.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Wahlgren B. Transfer mellem uddannelse og arbejde. NCK Nationalt Center for Kompetenceudvikling [Internet]. 2009;(august):1\u201325. Available from: http:\/\/www.regionh.dk\/NR\/rdonlyres\/D1A3FC8E-632B-499F-89B4-9CB7E992CE01\/0\/100324_Transfer_mellem_uddannelse_og_arbejde_Bjarne_Wahlgren_NCK_august_2009.pdf<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">13.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dawe SR, Pena GN, Windsor JA, Broeders JAJL, Cregan PC, Hewett PJ, et al. Systematic review of skills transfer after surgical simulation-based training. British Journal of Surgery. 2014;101(9):1063\u201376.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">14.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Tolsgaard MG, Ringsted C, Rosth\u00f8j S, N\u00f8rgaard L, M\u00f8ller L, La Cour Freiesleben N, et al. The effects of simulation-based transvaginal ultrasound training on quality and efficiency of care. Ann Surg. 2017;265(3):630\u20137.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">15.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dieckmann P, Bruun B, Mundt S, Holgaard R, \u00d8stergaard D. ADVANCING SIMULATION PRACTICE Open Access Social and Cognitive Skills (SCOPE)-a generic model for multi-professional work and education in healthcare. [cited 2024 Aug 1]; Available from: http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/.TheCreativeCommonsPublicDomainDedicationwaiver<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">16.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Rall M, Dieckman P. Crisis Resource Management to Improve patient safety. Euroanesthesia. 2005;(May):107\u20131<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">17.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Spanager L, \u00d8stergaard D, Lippert A, Nielsen K, Dieckmann P. Koncept og tr\u00e6ning af sundhedsfagligt personale i crisis resource management. Ugeskr Laeger. 2013;880\u20134.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">18.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Pollas HS, Dzougov P. Simulation i praksis. Forlaget SIP; 2019. 373 p.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">19.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dunsford J. Improving patient safety with SBAR. Nurs Womens Health. 2009;13(5):384\u201390.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">20.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">H\u00e5ndbog I sikker Mundtlig Kommunikation. Dansk Selskab for Patientsikkerhed; https:\/\/patientsikkerhed.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/haandbog-i-sikker-mundtlig-kommunikation.pdf<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">21.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Abildgren L, Lebahn-Hadidi M, Mogensen CB, Toft P, Nielsen AB, Frandsen TF, et al. The effectiveness of improving healthcare teams\u2019 human factor skills using simulation-based training: a systematic review. Advances in Simulation [Internet]. 2022;7(1):1\u201318. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41077-022-00207-2<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">22.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fides-Valero A, Bray L, Dieckmann P, Antoniou P, Lahtinen P, Bamidis P, et al. Creating and running an escape room for healthcare curricula: AMEE Guide No. 168. Med Teach. 2024;<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">23.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">S\u00f8rensen JL, \u00d8stergaard D, LeBlanc V, Ottesen B, Konge L, Dieckmann P, et al. Design of simulation-based medical education and advantages and disadvantages of in situ simulation versus off-site simulation. BMC Med Educ [Internet]. 2017;17(1):20. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-016-0838-3<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">24.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">M\u00f8ller TP, \u00d8stergaard D, Lippert A. Facts and fiction &#8211; Training in centres or in situ. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. 2012;2(4):174\u20139.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">25<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Steinwachs B. How to Facilitate a Debriefing. Simul Gaming. 1992;23(2):23 issue: 2, page(s): 186-195.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">26.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dieckmann P, Krogh K. Debriefing. In: piilgaard Hallin S, Lippert A, \u00d8stergaard D, editors. Simulation i sundhedsv\u00e6senet. K\u00f8benhavn: Munksgaard; 2024. p. 225\u201348.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">27.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Kolbe M, Eppich W, Rudolph J, Meguerdichian M, Catena H, Cripps A, et al. Managing psychological safety in debriefings: A dynamic balancing act. Vol. 6, BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning. BMJ Publishing Group; 2020. p. 164\u201371.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">28.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Christensen MD, \u00d8stergaard D, Stagelund S, Watterson L, Chung HS, Dieckmann P. Embracing multiple stakeholders\u2019 perspectives in defining competent simulation facilitators\u2019 characteristics and educational behaviours: a qualitative study from Denmark, Korea, and Australia. Advances in Simulation. 2023 Dec 1;8(1).<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">29.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Maturana H, P\u00f6rksen B. Fra v\u00e6ren til handlen, en interviewbog om levende systemer i natur og samfund. 1. udgave. Kbh: Mindspace; 2011.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">30.<\/span> <\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dieckmann P, Mundt AS, Hels\u00f8 AM. Faculty Development. In: Piilgaard Hallin S, Lippert A, \u00d8stergaard D, editors. Simulation i sundhedsv\u00e6senet. K\u00f8benhavn: Munksgaard; 2024. p. 350\u201379.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">31.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dieckmann P, Mielke-Christensen A. Iscenes\u00e6ttelse af simulation. In: Krogh Christensen M, Binow Kj\u00e6r L, editors. Medicinsk Didaktik. K\u00f8benhavn: FADL\u2019s Forlag A\/S; 2023. p. 204\u201317.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">32.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Mundt AS, \u00d8stergaard D, Hels\u00f8 AM. Vanerne udfordres p\u00e5 voksdug. Dansk Selskab for Ledelse i Sundhedsv\u00e6senet [Internet]. 2023; Available from: https:\/\/dssnet.dk\/vanerne-udfordres-paa-voksdugen\/<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">33.<\/span> <\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Brazil V, Purdy EI, Bajaj K. Connecting simulation and quality improvement: How can healthcare simulation really improve patient care? BMJ Qual Saf. 2019;28(11):862\u20135.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">34.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Mundt AS, Anne-Mette Hels\u00f8, Doris \u00d8stergaard. Legoklodser hj\u00e6lper med at redde liv p\u00e5 hospitalet [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 7]. Available from: https:\/\/videnskab.dk\/forskerzonen\/teknologi-innovation\/legoklodser-hjaelper-med-at-redde-liv-paa-hospitalet<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">35.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dieckmann P, \u00d8stergaard D. Anvendelse af simulation til analyse og uddannelse under en epidemi. In: Dansk Selskab for Patientsikkerhed, editor. Kvalitet og patientsikkerhed under covid-19 &#8211; H\u00e5b er ikke en strategi. Frederiksberg: Dansk Selskab for Patientsikkerhed; 2021. p. 236\u201344.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">36.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Brostr\u00f8m S. Robusthedskommissionens anbefalinger [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.ism.dk\/publikationer-sundhed\/2023\/september\/robusthedskommissionens-anbefalinger<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">37.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Uddannelsesstrategi for Region Hovedstaden, 2023-2027. Region Hovedstaden; 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download som PDF Anna Sofie Mundt1* Anne-Mette Hels\u00f82* Ane Ellegaard3* Lene Spanager4* 1 Operationssygeplejerske, uddannelseskonsulent 2 An\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, uddannelseskonsulent 3 An\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, 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