{"id":26736,"date":"2026-10-09T11:42:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/?p=26736"},"modified":"2026-10-09T11:43:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:43:48","slug":"perioperativ-urinretention-og-praeoperativ-vaeskefaste-hos-boern-en-prospektiv-kvalitetsundersoegelse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/index.php\/2026\/10\/09\/perioperativ-urinretention-og-praeoperativ-vaeskefaste-hos-boern-en-prospektiv-kvalitetsundersoegelse\/","title":{"rendered":"Perioperativ urinretention og pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste hos b\u00f8rn &#8211; en prospektiv kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26737 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Indlaegsbillede.png?resize=717%2C174&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"717\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Indlaegsbillede.png?w=717&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 717w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Indlaegsbillede.png?resize=300%2C73&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Indlaegsbillede.png?resize=600%2C146&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-start\"><em><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Karin Lauridsen<\/span><\/em><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, cand.cur., klinisk sygeplejespecialist&nbsp;<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><em><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Janne Kristensen<\/span><\/em><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, specialeansvarlig, SDK&nbsp;<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><em>Annette Janowsk<\/em>i<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, specialeansvarlig ORT&nbsp;<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><em><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Malene Br\u00e6nder<\/span><\/em><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, specialeansvarlig \u00d8NH&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-start\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">An\u00e6stesiologisk<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">&nbsp;Afdeling, Sj\u00e6llands Universitetshospital, K\u00f8ge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"fasc-button fasc-size-medium fasc-type-flat fasc-rounded-medium\" style=\"background-color: #33809e; color: #ffffff;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/PR-0626-Perioperativ-urinretention-og-praeoperativ-vaeskefaste-hos-boern-.pdf\">DOWNLOAD ARTIKLEN<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"farve-boks\" style=\"border: 10px solid #bfe6f6; padding: 16px 32px; border-radius: 24px; color: black; margin-bottom: 32px;\">\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Resum\u00e9<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Baggrund<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Perioperativ urinretention er en kendt komplikation hos voksne, men viden om forekomst hos b\u00f8rn er begr\u00e6nset. I 2021 blev danske og europ\u00e6iske fasteregler revideret for at reducere un\u00f8dig pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste hos b\u00f8rn. Det er uklart, om kortere v\u00e6skefaste p\u00e5virker risikoen for urinretention under generel an\u00e6stesi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Form\u00e5l<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Unders\u00f8gelsens form\u00e5l var at kortl\u00e6gge forekomsten af intraoperativ urinretention (POUR) hos b\u00f8rn i alderen 2 \u2013 15 \u00e5r under generel an\u00e6stesi. Sekund\u00e6rt blev efterlevelsen af t\u00f8rstetidsregler evalueret samt deres mulige betydning for bl\u00e6revolumen ved operationsstart og udvikling af POUR.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Metode<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Unders\u00f8gelsen blev gennemf\u00f8rt som en prospektiv, deskriptiv kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelse. B\u00f8rn i alderen 2-15 \u00e5r i generel an\u00e6stesi blev inkluderet. Data om t\u00f8rstetider, v\u00e6skeindtag og bl\u00e6revolumen blev indsamlet. Bl\u00e6rescanning blev udf\u00f8rt efter induktion af an\u00e6stesi og f\u00f8r opv\u00e5gning. Urinretention blev defineret som bl\u00e6refyldning der oversteg den aldersjusterede bl\u00e6rekapacitet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Resultater<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I perioden november 2024 til april 2025 blev 91 b\u00f8rn i alderen 2-15 \u00e5r inkluderet. (median 8 \u00e5r [5;12]). \u00c9t<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">barn overskred den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet svarende til 1,1% (eksakt 95% CI: 0,03-6,0%). Der s\u00e5s ingen tydelig sammenh\u00e6ng mellem pr\u00e6operativt v\u00e6skeindtag, t\u00f8rstetid og bl\u00e6revolumen. Blandt de 82<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">b\u00f8rn med registreret t\u00f8rstetid havde<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">en betydelig andel en l\u00e6ngere v\u00e6skefaste end anbefalet; 57 (69 %) havde v\u00e6skefastet i mere end to timer f\u00f8r an\u00e6stesi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Konklusion<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I denne lokale<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelse overskred \u00e9t af 91 b\u00f8rn den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet under generel an\u00e6stesi. Der blev ikke observeret tydelige visuelle m\u00f8nstre mellem pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste, v\u00e6skeindtag og bl\u00e6revolumen. Mange b\u00f8rn havde desuden l\u00e6ngere pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste end anbefalet, hvilket synligg\u00f8r en forskel mellem de g\u00e6ldende anbefalinger og den observerede lokale kliniske praksis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Implikationer for klinisk praksis<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Sygeplejersker har en central rolle i pr\u00e6operativ information, observation og efterlevelsen af anbefalingerne for pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste hos b\u00f8rn. Et \u00f8get fokus b\u00f8r rettes mod implementering af de opdaterede t\u00f8rsteregler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">N\u00f8gleord:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> Perioperativ urinretention, b\u00f8rn, an\u00e6stesi, t\u00f8rstetider, bl\u00e6rescanning, pr\u00e6- og perioperativ sygepleje<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>English abstract<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Background<br \/>\n<\/strong>Perioperative urinary retention is a recognised complication in adults, but evidence on its incidence in children is limited. In 2021, Danish and European fasting guidelines were revised to reduce unnecessary preoperative fluid fasting in children. It remains unclear whether shorter fluid fasting periods affect the risk of urinary retention during general anaesthesia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aim<br \/>\n<\/strong>The study aimed to determine the incidence of intraoperative urinary retention (POUR) in children aged 2\u201315 years undergoing general anaesthesia. Secondary aims were to evaluate adherence to fluid fasting guidelines and their potential influence on bladder volume at the start of surgery and the development of POUR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods<br \/>\n<\/strong>The study was conducted as a prospective, descriptive quality assessment. Children aged 2\u201315 years undergoing general anaesthesia were included. Data on fluid fasting duration, fluid intake and bladder volume were collected. Bladder scans were performed after induction of anaesthesia and before emergence. Urinary retention was defined as a bladder volume exceeding age-adjusted bladder capacity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results<br \/>\n<\/strong>Between November 2024 and April 2025, 91 children aged 2\u201315 years were included (median age: 8 years [5\u201312]). One child exceeded the age-estimated bladder capacity, corresponding to 1.1% (exact 95% CI: 0.03\u20136.0%). No clear association was observed between preoperative fluid intake, fluid fasting duration and bladder volume. Among the 82 children with a recorded fluid fasting duration, a substantial proportion fasted longer than recommended; 57 (69%) fasted for more than two hours before anaesthesia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<br \/>\n<\/strong>In this local quality assessment, one of 91 children exceeded the age-estimated bladder capacity during general anaesthesia. No clear visual patterns were observed between preoperative fluid fasting duration, fluid intake and bladder volume. Many children also fasted from fluids for longer than recommended, highlighting a gap between current recommendations and observed local clinical practice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Implications for clinical practice<br \/>\n<\/strong>Nurses play a central role in providing preoperative information, monitoring children, and ensuring adherence to preoperative fluid-fasting recommendations. Greater emphasis should be placed on implementing the updated fluid fasting guidelines.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Perioperative urinary retention, children, anaesthesia, fluid fasting duration, bladder scanning, preoperative and perioperative nursing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Introduktion<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Perioperativ urinretention (POUR) er en kendt komplikation i forbindelse med kirurgi og an\u00e6stesi. Tilstanden defineres som manglende evne til at t\u00f8mme bl\u00e6ren og kan resultere i en fyldt bl\u00e6re som kr\u00e6ver kateterisation (1). Hos voksne er incidensen veldokumenteret og varierer afh\u00e6ngigt af operations- og patientkarakteristika (1\u20133), mens viden p\u00e5 omr\u00e5det hos b\u00f8rn er begr\u00e6nset (4).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Eksisterende studier om POUR hos b\u00f8rn viser, at incidensen er lav, men hyppigere blandt b\u00f8rn med neuromuskul\u00e6re lidelser samt efter st\u00f8rre ortop\u00e6dkirurgiske indgreb (4). <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Endvidere varierer risikoen for urinretention afh\u00e6ngigt af den analgetiske strategi, hvor is\u00e6r b\u00f8rn behandlet med epidural analgesi har en \u00f8get risiko (5). <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I Danmark blev der i 2024 bed\u00f8vet 33.680 b\u00f8rn i alderen 2-17 \u00e5r, heraf 1.926 p\u00e5 Sj\u00e6llands Universitetshospital (6). B\u00f8rn har tidligere v\u00e6ret omfattet af de samme fasteregler som voksne og m\u00e5tte derfor kun indtage klare v\u00e6sker indtil 2 timer f\u00f8r operation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I 2021 blev de europ\u00e6iske og danske retningslinjer for faste og v\u00e6skeindtag imidlertid revideret (7,8). De nuv\u00e6rende anbefalinger tillader, at b\u00f8rn kan indtage klare v\u00e6sker indtil 1 time f\u00f8r an\u00e6stesiindledning. Form\u00e5let med \u00e6ndringen er at reducere pr\u00e6operativt ubehag, dehydrering og risikoen for hypoglyk\u00e6mi (9). <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det er imidlertid uafklaret, om \u00e6ndringerne i fasteregimet kan have betydning for bl\u00e6revolumen perioperativt. P\u00e5 den baggrund blev der udf\u00f8rt en kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelse<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">med henblik p\u00e5 at kortl\u00e6gge perioperativ bl\u00e6revolumen og pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste hos b\u00f8rn i lokal klinisk praksis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Form\u00e5l<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Form\u00e5let med unders\u00f8gelsen var at kortl\u00e6gge<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">forekomsten af intraoperativ urinretention hos b\u00f8rn i alderen 2-15 \u00e5r i generel an\u00e6stesi. Et sekund\u00e6rt form\u00e5l var at<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">evaluere efterlevelsen af de nye anbefalinger for pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste samt deres mulige betydning p\u00e5 bl\u00e6revolumen ved operationsstart og udvikling af POUR.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Metode<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Design<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Unders\u00f8gelsen blev gennemf\u00f8rt som en prospektiv, deskriptiv kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Unders\u00f8gelsesramme<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">og deltagere<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Unders\u00f8gelsen<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">blev gennemf\u00f8rt p\u00e5 \u00d8re-N\u00e6se-Hals-operationsgangen(\u00d8NH), Centraloperationsgangen (COP) og Samme Dags Kirurgiske operationsgang (SDK) ved Sj\u00e6llands Universitetshospital, K\u00f8ge, i perioden november 2024 til april 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Unders\u00f8gelsen<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">inkluderede b\u00f8rn i alderen 2-15 \u00e5r, der gennemgik planlagt kirurgi i generel an\u00e6stesi p\u00e5 en af de tre operationsgange i unders\u00f8gelsesperioden. Der blev ikke defineret specifikke eksklusionskriterier, idet kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelsen havde et pragmatisk design med bred inklusion af den relevante kliniske population inden for \u00f8re-n\u00e6se-halskirurgi, ortop\u00e6dkirurgi og gastroenterologisk kirurgi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Inklusionen blev foretaget af an\u00e6stesisygeplejersker i forbindelse med den daglige kliniske praksis. Inklusionen var ikke konsekutiv, men afh\u00e6ngig af personalets mulighed for at udfylde registreringsskemaet i den givne situation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Stikpr\u00f8vest\u00f8rrelse<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Forud for dataindsamlingen blev stikpr\u00f8vest\u00f8rrelsen beregnet.<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Da der ikke blev identificeret studier, som specifikt beskrev forekomsten af intraoperativ overskridelse af den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet i en tilsvarende b\u00f8rnepopulation, blev p\u00e6diatriske forekomster af postoperativ urinretention anvendt som det n\u00e6rmeste tilg\u00e6ngelige estimat. Tidligere unders\u00f8gelser havde rapporteret forekomster p\u00e5 cirka 4,5\u20136,3 % hos b\u00f8rn (5), hvorfor en forventet forekomst p\u00e5 5 % blev valgt som en konservativ planl\u00e6gningsantagelse. Ved et 95 % konfidensniveau og en \u00f8nsket absolut pr\u00e6cision p\u00e5 \u00b15 procentpoint blev det n\u00f8dvendige deltagerantal beregnet til 73 b\u00f8rn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Med et till\u00e6g p\u00e5 10 % for manglende eller ufuldst\u00e6ndige data blev det planlagte deltagerantal fastsat til minimum 81 b\u00f8rn. I alt blev 91 b\u00f8rn inkluderet (Beregningen blev foretaget efter formlen n=Z2\u00d7p(1\u2212p) \/d2) (10).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dataindsamling<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Data blev indsamlet prospektivt af an\u00e6stesi- og operationssygeplejersker p\u00e5 et papirbaseret registreringsskema, udfyldt af an\u00e6stesisygeplejersken i forbindelse med hver procedure. Data blev opbevaret afl\u00e5st og efterf\u00f8lgende indtastet i et Excel-regneark, hvor hver observation var angivet med et fortl\u00f8bende observationsnummer. Regnearket blev opbevaret p\u00e5 hospitalets sikre server.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Variablerne omfattede demografiske data (alder, k\u00f8n, v\u00e6gt); tidspunkt for sidste vandladning, pr\u00e6operativt v\u00e6skeindtag og -m\u00e6ngde samt t\u00f8rstetider i minutter, som angivet ved for\u00e6ldrene. Derudover blev intraoperativ v\u00e6ske- og medicinindgift samt bl\u00f8dning registreret. Bl\u00e6rescanning blev udf\u00f8rt med ultralydsscanneren; BioCon 700 (KEBOMED) p\u00e5 tre tidspunkter: efter an\u00e6stesiinduktion, inden v\u00e6kning fra an\u00e6stesien, og ved operationer af mere end to timers varighed, jf. afdelingens g\u00e6ldende instruks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Bl\u00e6rekapacitet blev vurderet ud fra en aldersspecifik formel: (30 ml \u00d7 alder i \u00e5r) + 30 ml, med et maksimum p\u00e5 400 ml. Overskridelse af den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet blev defineret som m\u00e5lt bl\u00e6revolumen over det aldersjusterede niveau (11,12).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">For at sikre en systematisk og transparent rapportering er kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelsen beskrevet med udgangspunkt i relevante elementer fra SQUIRE retningslinjen for kvalitetsudviklingsprojekter (13).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Analyse<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Data blev analyseret ved hj\u00e6lp af deskriptiv statistik og grafiske analyser udf\u00f8rt i Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). Kontinuerte variable blev pr\u00e6senteret ved median og interkvartilafstand, idet data var sk\u00e6vt fordelt. Scatterplots blev anvendt til eksplorativ unders\u00f8gelse af mulige m\u00f8nstre<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">mellem udvalgte kontinuerte variable. Herunder blev bl\u00e6revolumen ved f\u00f8rste scanning visualiseret i relation til tiden siden sidste v\u00e6skeindtagelse, ligesom relationen mellem pr\u00e6operativ peroral v\u00e6skeindtagelse og bl\u00e6revolumen efter induktion blev unders\u00f8gt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Endvidere blev forholdet mellem barnets alder og henholdsvis sidste perorale v\u00e6skem\u00e6ngde, tid siden sidste v\u00e6skeindtagelse samt samlet intraven\u00f8s v\u00e6skeindgift visualiseret ved hj\u00e6lp af scatterplots med henblik p\u00e5 at identificere eventuelle m\u00f8nstre i datamaterialet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">T\u00f8rstetiderne blev kategoriseret i intervaller:&lt;60, 60-89, 90-119, 120-179 og &gt;180 minutter. Fordelingen af t\u00f8rstetidsgrupper blev beskrevet ved frekvensanalyse og pr\u00e6senteret grafisk. Boxplots blev anvendt til at illustrere fordelingen af barnets alder inden for de forskellige fastetidsgrupper, herunder variation og eventuelle ekstreme observationer. Der blev ikke udf\u00f8rt inferensstatistiske analyser af associationer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Etiske overvejelser<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Unders\u00f8gelsen blev gennemf\u00f8rt som et lokalt kvalitetsudviklingsprojekt og forud for dataindsamlingen godkendt af afdelingsledelsen og afdelingens forskningsenhed. Projektet blev efterf\u00f8lgende godkendt af sygehusledelsen i henhold til g\u00e6ldende retningslinjer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Bl\u00e6rescanning var en del af afdelingens vanlige kliniske praksis, hvor bl\u00e6revolumen perioperativt vurderes efter klinisk behov og g\u00e6ldende lokale retningslinjer. Dataindsamlingen blev gennemf\u00f8rt i overensstemmelse med disse retningslinjer, og medf\u00f8rte ingen \u00e6ndringer i b\u00f8rnenes behandling eller pleje. Data blev registreret uden navn, CPR-nummer eller patient-ID. Der blev ikke foretaget projektbetingede opslag i patientjournalerne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Resultater<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I alt blev 91 b\u00f8rn inkluderet i unders\u00f8gelsen. \u00c9t barn svarende til 1,1 % (eksakt 95% CI: 0,03-6,0%) overskred den aldersjusterede gr\u00e6nse for bl\u00e6refyldning og udviklede intraoperativ urinretention (POUR) inden opv\u00e5gning fra an\u00e6stesi. To tredjedele af deltagerne var drenge, og medianalderen var 8 \u00e5r (5;12). De demografiske og kirurgiske karakteristika for den unders\u00f8gte population er pr\u00e6senteret i <\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Tabel 1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26739 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Tabel-1.png?resize=566%2C263&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"566\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Tabel-1.png?w=525&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 525w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Tabel-1.png?resize=300%2C139&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Bl\u00e6revolumen og v\u00e6skeindtag<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Bl\u00e6revolumen efter an\u00e6stesiinduktion varierede fra 3 til 311 ml, se <\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Figur 1<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. Den pr\u00e6operative perorale v\u00e6skeindtagelse varierede fra 5 til 400 ml, se <\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Figur 2<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, hvor st\u00f8rstedelen af observationerne er koncentreret ved v\u00e6skem\u00e6ngder \u2264 150 ml.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26740 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-1-1.png?resize=720%2C424&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-1-1.png?w=720&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-1-1.png?resize=300%2C177&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-1-1.png?resize=600%2C353&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26741 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-2-1.png?resize=721%2C392&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"721\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-2-1.png?w=721&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 721w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-2-1.png?resize=300%2C163&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-2-1.png?resize=600%2C326&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Der blev ikke observeret nogen tydelig visuel sammenh\u00e6ng mellem bl\u00e6revolumen og henholdsvis tiden siden sidste v\u00e6skeindtag, pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skeindtagelse i ml eller samlet perioperativ v\u00e6skeindgift, se <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Figur<\/strong> <strong>1<\/strong><\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">,<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> 2<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> og <\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">4<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Tilsvarende s\u00e5s ingen tydelig visuel sammenh\u00e6ng mellem alder og m\u00e6ngden af sidste pr\u00e6operative v\u00e6skeindtag, se <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>Figur 3<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26742 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-3-2.png?resize=725%2C391&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"725\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-3-2.png?w=725&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 725w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-3-2.png?resize=300%2C162&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-3-2.png?resize=600%2C324&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26743 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-4-3.png?resize=722%2C474&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"722\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-4-3.png?w=722&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 722w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-4-3.png?resize=300%2C197&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-4-3.png?resize=600%2C394&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Der var dog betydelig variation i observationerne p\u00e5 tv\u00e6rs af alle unders\u00f8gte variable. Men da studiet er designet som et kvalitetsforbedringsprojekt og der ikke blev udf\u00f8rt inferensstatistiske analyser, kan resultaterne ikke anvendes til at be- eller afkr\u00e6fte statistiske associationer mellem de unders\u00f8gte variable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">T\u00f8rstetider<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Resultaterne viser en betydelig variation i overholdelsen af de g\u00e6ldende retningslinjer for pr\u00e6operative t\u00f8rstetider, se <\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Figur 5<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">. Blandt de 82 b\u00f8rn med registreret t\u00f8rstetid havde 30 (36 %) v\u00e6skefastet i mere end tre timer, mens 27<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">(33 %) havde v\u00e6skefastet mellem to og tre timer. Af de 30 b\u00f8rn med over tre timers v\u00e6ske-faste havde 15 (18 %) en t\u00f8rstetid p\u00e5 over otte timer, og 10 (12 %) havde en t\u00f8rstetid p\u00e5 over elleve timer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26744 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-5-1.png?resize=720%2C345&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-5-1.png?w=720&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-5-1.png?resize=300%2C144&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-5-1.png?resize=600%2C288&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Aldersfordelingen varierede p\u00e5 tv\u00e6rs af t\u00f8rstetidsgrupperne, se <\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Figur 6<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26745 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-6-1.png?resize=720%2C354&#038;quality=80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-6-1.png?w=720&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-6-1.png?resize=300%2C148&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figur-6-1.png?resize=600%2C295&amp;quality=80&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">De korteste t\u00f8rstetider (&lt;60 min) forekom prim\u00e6rt blandt yngre b\u00f8rn, mens l\u00e6ngere t\u00f8rstetider var repr\u00e6senteret p\u00e5 tv\u00e6rs af hele aldersspektret. Der s\u00e5s en betydelig variation i alder inden for alle t\u00f8rstetidsgrupper.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Diskussion<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Form\u00e5let med unders\u00f8gelsen var at kortl\u00e6gge perioperativ bl\u00e6revolumen og forekomsten af intraoperativ urinretention hos b\u00f8rn i alderen 2-15 \u00e5r under generel an\u00e6stesi. \u00c9t af 91 b\u00f8rn overskred den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Et centralt sekund\u00e6rt fund var, at mange b\u00f8rn havde l\u00e6ngere pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste end anbefalet (8). Den lave forekomst af den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet kan tolkes p\u00e5 flere m\u00e5der. For det f\u00f8rste kan det tyde p\u00e5, at forekomsten af intraoperativ urinretention blandt b\u00f8rn er meget lav, s\u00e6rligt i forbindelse med kortere elektive indgreb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Resultaterne underst\u00f8ttes delvist af Belthur et al. (4), som fandt en lav incidens (0,38 %) i deres studie af p\u00e6diatriske ortop\u00e6dkirurgiske patienter, dog med h\u00f8jere risiko i specifikke subgrupper s\u00e5som b\u00f8rn med neuromuskul\u00e6re sygdomme og ved st\u00f8rre kirurgiske indgreb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fundene i vores unders\u00f8gelse kan derfor afspejle, at de inkluderede patienter gennemgik mindre til mellemstore indgreb og generelt ikke havde v\u00e6sentlige komorbiditeter. Hertil kommer, at mange b\u00f8rn ikke indtager v\u00e6ske frem til \u00e9n time f\u00f8r an\u00e6stesiindledning som anbefalet, hvilket kan reducere bl\u00e6revolumen og dermed risikoen for at overskride den aldersjusterede bl\u00e6rekapacitet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-start\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">T\u00f8rstetider<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">og implementering af retningslinjer<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Et centralt sekund\u00e6rt fund var, at en betydelig andel af b\u00f8rnene v\u00e6skefastede l\u00e6ngere end de opdaterede nationale retningslinjer anbefaler. <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">If\u00f8lge DASAIM (7) b\u00f8r klare v\u00e6sker indtages op til 1 time f\u00f8r an\u00e6stesiinduktion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I vores unders\u00f8gelse v\u00e6skefastede 57 (69 %) af b\u00f8rnene mere end 2 timer, og heraf 30 (36%) i mere end 3 timer. Aldersforskellene i t\u00f8rste-tidsgrupperne kan delvist forklares ved klinisk praksis omkring pr\u00e6medicinering, idet yngre b\u00f8rn ofte tilbydes peroral pr\u00e6medicin i flydende form kort tid f\u00f8r an\u00e6stesiinduktion, typisk i sm\u00e5 v\u00e6skem\u00e6ngder (10-15 ml). Dette kan have bidraget til, at de yngste b\u00f8rn hyppigere fremstod i grupperne med kortere t\u00f8rstetid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fundene peger samlet p\u00e5 en mangelfuld implementering af de opdaterede anbefalinger. Fastereglerne blev netop revideret i 2021 for at reducere un\u00f8digt lange fasteperioder, da langvarig v\u00e6skefaste hos b\u00f8rn er associeret med \u00f8get risiko for dehydrering, hypoglyk\u00e6mi, utilpashed, irritabilitet og nedsat postoperativ komfort (8,14).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det er derfor relevant at diskutere, hvorfor de opdaterede retningslinjer fortsat ikke efterleves i praksis, herunder om barrierer kan relateres til vanebaseret praksis, logistiske udfordringer, manglende kendskab eller information til personale og for\u00e6ldre, eller bekymring for aspirationsrisiko trods solid evidens for sikkerheden ved kortere v\u00e6skefaste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Det er v\u00e6sentligt at bem\u00e6rke, at implementering af nye kliniske retningslinjer erfaringsm\u00e6ssigt er en tidskr\u00e6vende proces, der kan str\u00e6kke sig over flere \u00e5r, s\u00e6rligt n\u00e5r det indeb\u00e6rer \u00e6ndringer i veletableret klinisk praksis (15).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Kliniske implikationer<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Resultaterne peger p\u00e5, at der i den lokale kliniske praksis kan v\u00e6re et st\u00f8rre behov for fokus p\u00e5 efterlevelsen af anbefalingerne for pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">end p\u00e5 risikoen for urinretention. Selvom POUR kan have alvorlige konsekvenser, blev overskridelse af den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet kun observeret hos \u00e9t af de 91 inkluderede b\u00f8rn. Derimod repr\u00e6senterer overfastning et aktuelt og praksisn\u00e6rt problem, som kan p\u00e5virke barnets velbefindende, hvilket kan h\u00e5ndteres gennem bedre information til for\u00e6ldre og personale samt systematisk opf\u00f8lgning p\u00e5 efterlevelsen af anbefalingerne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Styrker og begr\u00e6nsninger<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Unders\u00f8gelsen har flere metodiske og kliniske styrker. Dataindsamlingen blev udf\u00f8rt systematisk ved hj\u00e6lp af gentagne bl\u00e6rescanninger; efter induktion af an\u00e6stesi, inden v\u00e6kning fra generel an\u00e6stesi samt intraoperativt ved procedurer med en varighed over 2 timer, hvilket muliggjorde objektive og p\u00e5lidelige m\u00e5linger af b\u00f8rnenes bl\u00e6revolumen gennem hele det intraoperative forl\u00f8b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">En yderligere styrke er, at bl\u00e6rescanning allerede er en etableret praksis i afdelingen, hvor b\u00f8rns bl\u00e6rer rutinem\u00e6ssigt vurderes ved l\u00e6ngerevarende an\u00e6stesier. Denne eksisterende kompetence og erfaring med ultralydsscanning bidrog til sikker h\u00e5ndtering og en gnidningsfri integration af unders\u00f8gelsen i den kliniske hverdag.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Den planlagte minimumsstikpr\u00f8ve p\u00e5<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">81 b\u00f8rn blev opfyldt, idet 91 b\u00f8rn blev inkluderet. Det muliggjorde et estimat af forekomsten i den unders\u00f8gte population. Grundet det lave antal h\u00e6ndelser er estimatet forbundet med betydelig usikkerhed, og unders\u00f8gelsen kan ikke udelukke en v\u00e6sentligt h\u00f8jere forekomst i en tilsvarende population. Det begr\u00e6nsede antal h\u00e6ndelser muliggjorde desuden ikke robuste analyser af mulige risikofaktorer eller forskelle mellem undergrupper.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Andre begr\u00e6nsninger er den heterogene patientgruppe, hvor hovedparten gennemgik mindre kirurgiske indgreb. Resultaterne kan derfor ikke uden videre generaliseres til b\u00f8rn med st\u00f8rre komorbiditet eller til l\u00e6ngerevarende kirurgiske indgreb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Inklusionen var desuden ikke konsekutiv, men afh\u00e6ngig af personalets mulighed for registrering i den konkrete kliniske situation. Det kan s\u00e5ledes ikke udelukkes, at egnede patienter ikke blev inkluderet i unders\u00f8gelsesperioden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Endvidere stammer data fra \u00e9n institution og beskriver dermed lokal klinisk praksis. Resultaterne kan derfor ikke uden videre overf\u00f8res til andre afdelinger, hospitaler eller patientpopulationer. Derudover blev bl\u00e6refunktionen alene fulgt intraoperativt, hvorfor eventuel forsinket urinretention samt eventuelle bl\u00e6ret\u00f8mninger med kateter i opv\u00e5gningsafsnittet ikke blev registreret. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-none block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Endelig forel\u00e5 der ikke et sammenligningsgrundlag fra perioden f\u00f8r indf\u00f8relsen af anbefalingerne<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">om en times faste for v\u00e6ske, hvilket begr\u00e6nser vurderingen af \u00e6ndringens mulige konsekvenser. <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Selvom der ikke blev observeret egentlig urinretention, har unders\u00f8gelsen vist et v\u00e6sentligt forbedringspotentiale i lokal klinisk praksis, idet en stor andel af b\u00f8rnene m\u00f8der v\u00e6skefastende ud over de anbefalede tider og ofte ikke har indtaget v\u00e6ske op til 1 time f\u00f8r an\u00e6stesiindledning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Konklusion<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I vores lokale kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelse overskred \u00e9t af 91 b\u00f8rn den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet under generel an\u00e6stesi. Der blev ikke observeret tydelige visuelle m\u00f8nstre mellem pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste, v\u00e6skeindtag og bl\u00e6revolumen. Resultaterne peger desuden p\u00e5, at mange b\u00f8rn havde l\u00e6ngere pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skeafkastning end anbefalet. Anbefalingen om indtagelse af klare v\u00e6sker frem til \u00e9n time f\u00f8r an\u00e6stesiindledning blev s\u00e5ledes kun i begr\u00e6nset omfang efterlevet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Resultaterne synligg\u00f8r en forskel mellem g\u00e6ldende anbefalinger og den observerede lokale kliniske praksis. Der b\u00f8r derfor rettes opm\u00e6rksomhed mod at underst\u00f8tte efterlevelsen af anbefalingerne for pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste hos b\u00f8rn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Perspektivering<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Fokus b\u00f8r rettes mod implementering og<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">efterlevelse af anbefalingerne for pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste med henblik p\u00e5 at fremme b\u00f8rnenes perioperative velbefindende og mindske risikoen for un\u00f8dig dehydrering og hypoglyk\u00e6mi, s\u00e6rligt hos de yngste b\u00f8rn. Selvom kun \u00e9t barn overskred den aldersestimerede bl\u00e6rekapacitet, er det fortsat vigtigt at v\u00e6re opm\u00e6rksom p\u00e5 risikoen for bl\u00e6reoverfyldning og urinretention hos b\u00f8rn med kendte risikofaktorer, eksempelvis neuromuskul\u00e6re sygdomme eller ved st\u00f8rre kirurgiske indgreb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-justify\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Kvalitetsunders\u00f8gelsen illustrerer v\u00e6rdien af systematisk at unders\u00f8ge lokal klinisk praksis som grundlag for kvalitetsudvikling. Fremtidige studier b\u00f8r<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">identificere lokale barrierer for efterlevelse af anbefalingerne og belyse, om m\u00e5lrettede implementeringstiltag forbedrer efterlevelsen af anbefalingerne for pr\u00e6operativ v\u00e6skefaste samt hvilken betydning tiltagene har for det perioperative bl\u00e6revolumen hos b\u00f8rn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA block-font-kerning-normal block-font-feature-liga-off block-font-feature-clig-off block-font-feature-calt-off direction-ltr align-start\"><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Referencer<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">1.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Cambise C, De Cicco R, Luca E, Punzo G, Di Franco V, Dottarelli A, m.fl. Postoperative urinary retention (POUR): A narrative review. Saudi J Anaesth. 2024;18(2):265\u201371. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38654881\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.4103\/sja.sja_88_24 PubMed PMID: 38654881; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11033892.<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">2.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Mason SE, Scott AJ, Mayer E, Purkayastha S. Patient-related risk factors for urinary retention following ambulatory general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Surgery. 1. juni 2016;211(6):1126\u201334. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26257154\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.04.021<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">3.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Jackson J, Davies P, Leggett N, Nugawela MD, Scott LJ, Leach V, m.fl. Systematic review of interventions for the prevention and treatment of postoperative urinary retention. BJS Open. februar 2019;3(1):11\u201323. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6354194\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1002\/bjs5.50114 PubMed PMID: 30734011; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6354194<\/a><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">4.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Belthur MV, Singleton IM, Burns JD, Temkit MH, Sitzman TJ. Postoperative Urinary Retention after Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery. Children (Basel). 28. september 2022;9(10):1488. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9600721\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.3390\/children9101488 PubMed PMID: 36291424; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9600721<\/a><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">5.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Lior Y, Haim S, Katz I, Danino B, Bar-Yosef Y, Ekstein M. Postoperative Urinary Catheterization in Children Treated with or without Epidural Analgesia after Orthopedic Surgery: A Retrospective Review of Practice. Children (Basel). 29. august 2022;9(9):1316. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9497829\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.3390\/children9091316 PubMed PMID: 36138625; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9497829.<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">6.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Sundhedsv\u00e6senets Kvalitetsinstitut. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sundk.dk\/kliniske-kvalitetsdatabaser\/dansk-anaestesi-database-dad\/nyheder-fra-dansk-anaestesi-database\/aarsrapport-2024-fra-dansk-anaestesi-database\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00c5rsrapport 2024 fra Dansk An\u00e6stesi Database.<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">7.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Dansk Selskab for An\u00e6stesiologi og Intensiv Medicin (DASAIM) <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/dasaim.dk\/guides\/fasteregler-til-boern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fasteregler til b\u00f8rn &lt;18 \u00e5r<\/a><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. 11.01.22.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">8.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Frykholm P, Disma N, Andersson H, Beck C, Bouvet L, Cercueil E, m.fl. Pre-operative fasting in children: A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. januar 2022;39(1):4\u201325. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34857683\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001599<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">9.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Thomas M, Morrison C, Newton R, Schindler E. Consensus statement on clear fluids fasting for elective pediatric general anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. maj 2018;28(5):411\u20134. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29700894\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1111\/pan.13370 PubMed PMID: 29700894.<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">10.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Naing L, Winn T, Rusli BN. Practical Issues in Calculating the Sample Size for Prevalence Studies. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/aos.usm.my\/docs\/Vol_1\/09_14_ayub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bd. 2006. 2006;2006:9\u201314.<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">11.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Koff SA. Estimating bladder capacity in children. Urology. marts 1983;21(3):248. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/6836800\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1016\/0090-4295(83)90079-1 PubMed PMID: 6836800.<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">12.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Uddanop. B\u00f8rnean\u00e6stesigruppen, Afdeling for Operation, Opv\u00e5gning og Traumecenter HovedOrtoCentret Rigshospitalet. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/uddanop.dk\/images\/TT25_PDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Minikompendium i B\u00f8rnean\u00e6stesi -Tips &amp; Tricks TT25, august 2025<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">13.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Ogrinc G, Davies L, Goodman D, Batalden P, Davidoff F, Stevens D. SQUIRE 2.0 ( Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence)\u202f: revised publication guidelines from a detailed consensus process. BMJ Qual Saf. december 2016;25(12):986\u201392. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/qualitysafety.bmj.com\/content\/25\/12\/986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004411<\/a><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">1<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">4.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Disma N, Frykholm P. Clear rules for clear fluids fasting in children. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1. januar 2024;132(1):18\u201320. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37996274\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.005 PubMed PMID: 37996274.<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">1<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">5.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Cabana MD, Rand CS, Powe NR, Wu AW, Wilson MH, Abboud PA, m.fl. Why don\u2019t physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA. 20. oktober 1999;282(15):1458\u201365. <\/span><a class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10535437\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1001\/jama.282.15.1458 PubMed PMID: 10535437.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karin Lauridsen, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, cand.cur., klinisk sygeplejespecialist&nbsp; Janne Kristensen, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, specialeansvarlig, SDK&nbsp; Annette Janowski, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, specialeansvarlig ORT&nbsp; Malene Br\u00e6nder, an\u00e6stesisygeplejerske, specialeansvarlig [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4261,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_ppp_document_settings_meta":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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