{"id":18913,"date":"2025-08-25T19:02:34","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T17:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/?p=18913"},"modified":"2025-08-25T19:02:34","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T17:02:34","slug":"behandling-med-adhd-medicinen-methylphenidat-medfoerer-baade-alvorlige-og-mindre-alvorlige-bivirkninger-hos-boern-og-unge-med-adhd-et-systematisk-cochrane-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sygeplejevidenskab.dk\/index.php\/2025\/08\/25\/behandling-med-adhd-medicinen-methylphenidat-medfoerer-baade-alvorlige-og-mindre-alvorlige-bivirkninger-hos-boern-og-unge-med-adhd-et-systematisk-cochrane-review\/","title":{"rendered":"Behandling med ADHD- medicinen methylphenidat medf\u00f8rer b\u00e5de alvorlige og mindre alvorlige bivirkninger hos b\u00f8rn og unge med ADHD – et systematisk Cochrane-review"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Storeb\u00f8 OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, Kielsholm ML, Nielsen SS, Krogh HB, Moreira\u2010Maia CR, Magnusson FL, Holmskov M, Gerner T, Skoog M, Rosendal S, Groth C, Gillies D, Buch Rasmussen K, Gauci D, Zwi M, Kirubakaran R, H\u00e5konsen SJ, Aagaard L, Simonsen E, Gluud C. Methyl-phenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents \u2013 assessment of adverse events in non\u2010randomised studies. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD012069.<\/span> DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD012069.pub2. Accessed 25 August 2025.<\/a><\/p>\n

Download Resume som pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Af Maj Siercke, Sygeplejerske, ph.d. Chefredakt\u00f8r og stifter af Sygeplejevidenskab.dk<\/span> <\/em><\/p>\n

Resum\u00e9
\n<\/span><\/strong>ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) er en almindelig neurodevelopmental lidelse hos b\u00f8rn. Det psykostimulerende l\u00e6gemiddel methylphenidat er det mest anvendte til behandling af ADHD. Flere studier har unders\u00f8gt fordelene ved methylphenidat og viser mulige gavnlige effekter p\u00e5 ADHD-symptomer, men den reelle effektst\u00f8rrelse er ukendt. Med hensyn til bivirkninger har en systematiske gennemgang af randomiserede kliniske fors\u00f8g (RCT’er) vist, at der ikke er en \u00f8get risiko for alvorlige bivirkninger, men en stor andel af deltagerne oplever forskellige ikke-alvorlige bivirkninger.<\/span><\/p>\n

Metode
\n<\/span><\/strong>Studiet inkluderede 260 studier (forskellige design, b\u00e5de randomiserede og ikke-randomiserede) med deltagere fra 3-20 \u00e5r og sammenligner b\u00e5de dem, der tager methylphenidat, og dem, der ikke g\u00f8r. Kvaliteten af evidensen vurderes dog som meget lav, hvilket g\u00f8r det sv\u00e6rt at fastsl\u00e5 de faktiske risici ved behandlingen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Resultater
\n<\/span><\/strong>Resultaterne tyder p\u00e5, at administration af methylphenidat kan f\u00f8re til alvorlige bivirkninger, herunder d\u00f8dsfald, hjerteproblemer og psykotiske lidelser. Cirka 1 ud af 100 patienter, der behandles med methylphenidat, synes at opleve en alvorlig bivirkning. Omkring 1,2 ud af 100 patienter er stoppet med methylphenidat p\u00e5 grund af alvorlige bivirkninger. Omkring 7,3 ud af 100 patienter er stoppet med methylphenidat p\u00e5 grund af bivirkninger generelt. Der blev ogs\u00e5 registreret en stor andel af ikke-alvorlige bivirkninger s\u00e5som s<\/span>\u00f8vnproblemer (17.9%), hovedpine (14.4%), mavesmerter (10.7%) og <\/span>n<\/span>edsat appetit (31.1%). <\/span>Mere end halvdelen af patienterne, som fik methylphenidat, oplevede en eller flere bivirkninger. Omkring 6,2 ud af 100 patienter stoppede med methylphenidat p\u00e5 grund af ikke-alvorlige bivirkninger. Endvidere blev 16,2 ud af 100 patienter taget ud af behandling med<\/span> methylphenidat af ukendte \u00e5rsager.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konklusion
\n<\/span><\/strong>Der er tegn p\u00e5, at methylphenidat kan medf\u00f8re b\u00e5de alvorlige og mindre alvorlige bivirkninger hos b\u00f8rn og unge med ADHD. Evidensens kvalitet er meget lav, og de reelle risici kan v\u00e6re h\u00f8jere end rapporteret. Forfatterne bag studiet anbefaler systematisk og grundig monitorering af bivirkninger hos alle, der f\u00e5r methylphenidat. Der er behov for bedre og st\u00f8rre studier for at afg\u00f8re, hvem der har gavn og hvem der har st\u00f8rst risiko for bivirkninger ved behandlingen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Implikationer for klinisk praksis
\n<\/span><\/strong>M<\/span>ethylphenidat b\u00f8r ordineres med forsigtighed, og b\u00e5de klinikere og for\u00e6ldre b\u00f8r v\u00e6re opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 mulige bivirkninger hos b\u00f8rn og unge, der f\u00e5r medicinen methylphenidat til behandling af ADHD.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Storeb\u00f8 OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, Kielsholm ML, Nielsen SS, Krogh HB, Moreira\u2010Maia CR, Magnusson FL, Holmskov M, Gerner T, 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